Demonstrative Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Demonstrative Communication - Essay ExampleAs we have defined converse, we can now delve into the commentary of demonstrative communication. A very simple definition of demonstrative communication is the communication that takes place without any use of words. It includes both unwritten and non-verbal communication. There atomic number 18 many components of demonstrative communication such as tone of juncture, posture, gesture and most importantly a persons facial expressions among another(prenominal)s. In rescript to better understand demonstrative communication let us consider an example. Lets suppose that Simon is an entrepreneur and has a business that manufactures and sells tires. One daylight while sitting in the office he receives a call that his import shipment of rubber from India has been delayed by a week because of braggart(a) weather and heavy monsoon rains in India. This is bad news and makes Simon angry. To vent his anger, Simon slams the phone receiver down an d begins pacing his office, his shoulders drooped and a worried look on his face. Paula, his assistant, has both(prenominal) more bad news. She nervously walks to Simons office and knocks. Simon gives her a menacing look and beckons her to come in. Paula then tells him that the lucrative deal, he had been working on since termination week, with a major car dealer could not get through and the dealer had sent a letter refusing his proposal this morning. Simon clenches his fists and in a moderate and tired voice tells Paula to leave him alone and not disturb him for the day. The above is a perfect example of demonstrative communication. Although not directly visible, we can educe from Simons actions (the drooped shoulders, slamming of the receiver, pacing the office, clenched fists), facial expression (menacing look) and tone of voice (restrained and tired) that he is very angry and worried after hearing the bad news. Demonstrative communication can be apply along with verbal com munication to convey ones message more clearly. For example when acknowledgeing someone and manifestation Pleased to meet you will be less effective than not unaccompanied saying Pleased to meet you but also shaking the other persons hand warmly and giving them a smile that really shows we are pleased to meet them. Demonstrative communication can only be effective if both the verbal and non-verbal message convey the same meaning. For example if some uninvited guest comes to our place then we may greet them jovially however our facial expression may show that we are unhappy on the guests arrival. Demonstrative communication also proves to be ineffective when thither are different interpretations of non-verbal communication in different countries. For example in Sri Lanka shaking ones head from side to side means a yes and nodding of the head means a no (totally opposite from the American meaning), in China biting ones nails is considered disgusting while in America it is looked up on as a sign of insecurity and nervousness (Morrison, Conaway & Borden 1972). Some examples of positive demonstrative communication include smiling, dressing neatly and jovial voice while negative demonstrative communication includes an aggressive tone and a frowning or scowling face. Demonstrative communication can be used to interpret other peoples behavior and using those interpretations to make our own responses. This involves observing and understanding peoples actions whilst they interact with you and then decision making on one

Fair Values in the Preparation of Financial Statements Essay

Fair Values in the Preparation of Financial Statements - Essay ExampleRelevant Information Information needs to be relevant to the needs of users in order to serve its purpose. However, there are also other fundamental qualities that financial statements need to have. These qualities include comparability, faithful representation, consistency, completeness, understandability, and dependableness (BPP 2009a). Information is useless if it is non current and in a number of cases, the values described as graceful values in the accounts do not provide a reliable estimate of the value of assets and liabilities. According to Bath (n.d.) concerns also focus on this matter. It should also be noted the more reliable the information is the less relevant it will be. Relevant information has predictive value, feedback value, and timeliness. Reliable information is verifiable Comparability of financial statements Financial statements need to be comparable from one year to the next and between one company and another. However, even though fair values may be said to be current and therefore more comparable, the fact that judgment needs to be exercised brings subjectivity into play. In addition to that, those judgments on which investors and other stakeholders depend have their confess agenda. In some cases, they may exercise their judgment in such a way as to manipulate the accounts. This, therefore, brings us back to the reliability of the figures in the financial statements. ... the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) requires that the classification of financial instruments be recorded at fair value in a hierarchy consisting of tercet (3) levels. The first level (level 1) relates to quoted prices that have not been adjusted for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. The second level (level 2) relates to input prices but excludes quoted prices which are included in the first level and which can be observed directly for assets and liabilities , in the form of prices or in the form of derived prices indirectly. The third level relates to both assets and liabilities that are not based on market data that can be observed. IASB concluded that this would result in improvement for comparability purposes as well as assist in the convergence process of the IFRSs to the United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The basis that was given for that conclusion relates to the disclosures required by IFRS 7 and ASC having no differences in terms of their application. Khalik (2008) in his paper entitled The case against fair value accounting indicated that its critics have suggested that in times of poor economic conditions fair value (FV) accounting leads to the generation of pessimistic assumptions that further result in significant reductions in asset values as well as major reductions in earnings because of the fact that unrealised losses are taken into account in the income statement.

Segmentation and Targeting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Segmentation and Targeting - Research Paper ExampleStarbucks coffee berry and Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee play along are used as the bases of reference. Target grocerys for Starbucks coffee and Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee Starbucks coffee marks a general local food market. Its initial organise market was young college students, neighborhoods and social classes that would spend time with friends at their stores and gladly accept the idea of buying a $3 a cup of coffee. The initial focus included small towns, ethnic neighborhoods, highway rest shops, rural communities and even towns saturated with coffee shops. As a result of rapid growth, this target market has expanded quickly to include local buyers of all ages. On the other hand, the Jamaica Blue Mountain focuses on the export market. Its main target market is Japan though it wants to expand to include Canada. How the choice of target market influences the companys promotion and pricing A company has to consider the buying power of its market. miller (2006) explains that customers have different disposable income and this means they are different in terms of their sensitivity to prices. Market atomation is therefore important in ascertain if a company can raise its prices or not. If the company has to raise its prices, the type of target market pass on determine the level to which the company will raise its average prices. If the target market is very sensitive to prices, then a company could consider dropping its prices slightly so as to increase an extra market share. If it is insensitive to prices, then a slight increase for purposes of increasing profits margins will benefit since the increase will be indiscernible. jibe to Aaker et al (2000), the type of target market also determines promotion methods used. A company has to choose the promotion methods that will enable it to reach its target market quickly and adequately. Alternative methods include the TV, radio, billboards, direct marketi ng mail shot or the Internet. At the same time, the company has to consider how competitors do their promotions. They should then appraise the efficiency of these methods and compare with those they use or intend to use. The type of target market also determines the frequency of these promotions. For example, markets that are highly competitive require patronize promotions in order to retain customer loyalty. Effects of introducing a new target market on consumer perceptions A company can introduce a new target market in a market that is already captured by its competitor. For example, Starbucks coffee can start producing brands for export to Japan, a market segment that is already captured by Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee. According to Kotler (2003) the perception here will be that the company has performed well in terms of pricing and its expansion is a sign that it is now focusing on the quality of its products and expansion of its image. As a result of this, customers will ten d to associate more with the company products so as to enjoy the anticipated high quality products and form part of this international or wide region market. The influenced of economic changes on secure trends of customers The customers will not be influenced by changes in the economy because they will have already formed a perception that the company is already on the job(p) on the quality of its products. This means that at fair prices, they will be enjoying more quality products and variety as well. This situation is reinforced by the

My Apllication form Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My Apllication form - Assignment ExampleThe employees bring the main problem on center stage, and we all find a resultant to it.The other problem I faced was internal conflicts often in my organization. There were some employees with conflicting ideas. Furthermore, some employees in FORD felt they were left over(p) behind when it came to promotion. Some wanted transfers to big retails of the company. They are very simple issues that require the skills that I leant while in college, to sort them out (Senturia, 2013 pg 1).To solve a problem like this, I would understand deeply the problem. I would define the depth of team dynamics. After defining the depth, I would use my position as an IT expert to research on the possible causes of the problem. There are very broad causes that would come up, but I would specialize on the most in all likelihood causes (Darr, 2013 pg 8-22).I would then review each of the results and I plan the necessary recommendations to implement. I would prepare a tally sheet to conduct a look into to establish if my plans worked as planned (Maxwell, 2009 pg 25).There are times when I was part of a team and there was a difference of opinion. I viewed our competitors as lucky because they had no conflicts with their administration. My team lacked the skills of airing their views (Bondigas, 2014 pg 1). They opted for aggressive reactions when their issues did not take consideration.During ICT meetings, I could differ with certain opinions that looked oppressive. They were a situation where the Human Resource animal trainer proposed that interns should work during the holidays. It was to keep the business running in any period. Some employees and I differed with this proposal.Furthermore, my team of IT experts differed on the opinion about installation of messaging software product. The software was to assist in reducing time spent while passing information from one office to another.I had to find a quick settlement (Kennett, 2011 pg 1). I took an emotional state when

Meaning Behind the Mark Essay Example for Free

Meaning Behind the Mark EssayHumans have ordained their bodies with tattoos for thousands of years. These permanent and artistic marks have always had a own(prenominal) meaning. The beautiful marks that were so carefully and meticulously etched onto the skin have served many purposes. The tattoo showed signs of love and inspiration temporary hookup others were aimd to cover off danger or to protect the human from authentic dangers. Some people view tattoos as unnecessary marks on the human body, while others believe the tattoo represents life, death, and inspiration. The very premier documented tattoo was found on a frozen mammy in todays Maori.The mummy was 5,200 years old. Tattoos were in any case discovered on ancient female mummies in Northern Egypt. At first archeologists thought the mummies were slaves or servants to royalty but, the mummies were located in a queens tomb. The mummies had tattooed symbols throughout the body. Speculation among the archeologists was s aid to be that the tattoos are a healing power and were put on the body were it hurt. The mummies in the tomb are also documented to have small dots all over the abdomen and a tattoo of a small figurine on the tops of the thighs. The small figurine is believed to be that of the Bes God.Bes is the protector of women during labor. The women would tattoo a web like design all crossways their abdomens and bring down the pubic force field when they became pregnant. It is written that by doing this it would keep them and their unborn child safe during pregnancy. (Lineberry, 2008). Along with the Egyptians several other cultures took up the art of tattooing. Woman in Borneo tattooed symbols on their forearms to orient the skill that they were good at. If a woman wore the symbol to show she was a basket weaver, her status of marriageable material increased.Markings that were placed along the wrist and round the fingers were thought to ward off any illnesses. Greeks used tattoos to iden tify spies and normally the marks would indicate rank. Tattoos were also used to identify slaves who were owned by certain Roman families and the Romans also used tattoos to mark criminals. Unfortunately, this practice of marking criminals is still practiced today. Century after century tattoos continued to be an integral start up of society. It was not until the late 1800s that tattoos were seen in the U. S. and even then tattoos were mainly used by the American Indians.Native American Indians used tattoos as a way of recognizing tribe members. Tattoos were also used for spiritual reasons. In America, the earliest records of tattoos come from ship logs, letters, and diaries written by sailors in the early 19th century. The closely popular designs in traditional American tattooing evolved from unhomogeneous artists who traded, copied, swiped, and improved on each others works. ( Vanishing tattoo, 2008). Soldiers and sailors who fought in both world wars used the various symbols. Most of the designs represented courage, patriotism defiance of death, and a longing for loved ones left behind. (Vanishing tattoo, 2008). During the Civil war several tattoo artists found employment in Washington, D. C The best-known tattooist of the time was a man from Germany named Martin Hildebrandt he began his career in 1846. Martin Hildebrandt traveled a great deal and was welcomed in both nitty-gritty and Confederate camps. Martin Hildebrandt established what is to be considered the first American tattoo studio in 1870, in New York City. Another famous tattooist is Samuel Oreilly, he invented the first electric tattoo machine. Overnight tattooing in the USA was revolutionized. Vanishing tattoo, 2008). In America tattoos continued to gain popularity. Body ornamentation was spreading among western societies. Working association men wore tattoos in the first place as a symbol of tough masculine pride. In the 1950s and 1960s the hippie movement turned to Asian tattooing tech niques as personal expression of spiritual and mystical aestheticism. In 1970 the young generation of the punk movement used tattoos as symbols of rebellion in a semipolitical protest against societys strict structure and values. In the eighties there was a decline in the percentage of men and women getting tattoos.This was primarily because tattoos were frowned upon. This trend of tattoos being unpopular continued until the 21st century where, tattoos today are considered body art. The continued popularity of tattoos has placed tattooists in the category of fine artists. (Tattoo you, 2008). As with any fad there comes a downside, for certain individuals who chose to get tattoos for personal reasons or self expression there are those who chose to use tattoos as a form of rebellion. Teenagers view tattoos as a way to rebel against their parents.With teenagers their impressionable minds can take one look at all the young and approaching celebrities and if a teenager was to see a tat too on their role model it might just be one excuse to rebel. A distinguishable point of view on tattoos would be gangs. Gangs will tattoo members with numbers or words to show status or rank. Gang members who are in prison will get a tattoo to show other prisoners exactly what gang they belong to. Former gang members who have found pietism often will sport a tattoo of a cross or the word Jesus and the day, month, and year they were saved. Walker, R, 2007). Individuals whose religion is important to them have also branched out and have gotten tattoos. There is a new Christian movement where young adults are getting the letters WWJD tattooed on them. In addition, the Celtic cross is making a comeback among people with an Irish decent. Among those who get a tattoo for inspiration or self expression, there are those a few(prenominal) individuals who will go to no end to transform themselves into something totally different. Dennis Avner a. k. a. Stalking Cat, has transformed his bo dy into a tiger literally.On his website Avner tells his story of why he has dedicated his life to follow his heritage. His parents were of Horon and Lakota tribes and after talking to a Native chief, who reportedly had told him to follow the way of the tiger, Avner did just that. In 1985 he left his business enterprise as a sonar submarine technician for the Navy and began his journey. Avner has spent up towards $200,000. 00 dollars to have his whole body tattooed with black and orange strips. His teeth and nails have been filed down to emulate that of the tiger. Avner also had metal rods implanted into his cheeks so during the day he can attach whiskers.Avner said his life long dream of reaching his finis of becoming a tiger will be complete after he gets skin grafts of real fur applied to his own skin. (Avner, 2007). Dennis Avner is not the lonesome(prenominal) individual to have had extensive body tattooing. A tattooed hermit known as the Leopard man is really named Tom Lepp ard. Tom Leppard who lives in Isle of Skye lives in complete solitude only going to town once a month for supplies. Tom Leppard told BBC television in a rare interview that I spent too long in the forces, 20 years. I can not mix with ordinary people any more. (Leppard, 2007).Tom Leppard is completely covered from head to toe in leopard spots. He is according to Guinness World records is the worlds most tattooed man. There are those individuals who use tattoos as a way to make a living for instance, the Enigma is a man who is tattooed from head to toe in a blue puzzle pattern and he works in side shows in a traveling circus. Another performer The lounge lizard man is covered head to toe in viridity scales, has had plastic surgery on his face so it resembles that of a lizard, and he had his tongue surgically cut to be forked like a snake. The Lizard man works in Las Vegas as a performer.Today tattoos can be seen in every culture whether it is a little butterfly or a whole body tattoo . Tattoos continue to grow in popularity and in the future tattoos may hold a purpose other than just art. Scientists in Germany are exploring the option of delivering a new generation of experimental desoxyribonucleic acid vaccines more effectively by using tattoos rather than standard injections into the muscle. Delivery of DNA via tattooing could be a way for a far more widespread commercial application of DNA vaccines, said Martin Mueller of the German Cancer research nerve centre of Heidelberg.In the experiment no ink is actually used. The scientists use the tattoo machine its self o inject the vaccines. The vibrating needle penetrates the muscle deeper than a fixture hypodermic needle making for a more effective method although more painful. Tattoo vaccines will not be for everyone but, will be valuable for delivering certain therapeutic vaccines to fight cancer or other serious conditions, where some pain is acceptable. ( Mueller, 2008). Also in the future Philips electron ics are working on advance technology that reacts to the human touch.Sensors are applied to various parts of the body and when certain emotions are triggered the sensors react and a tattoo is made across the body. This interactive method is being designed with couples in mind. There will always be some individuals who view tattoos as unnecessary, while others will use tattoos as a way to show self expression, rebel against a parent, or to completely transform themselves. Tattoos in the future may hold the spot as a way to better deliver life saving treatment. In the future tattoos can help in hance a couples sexuality. No matter what tattoos are used for there will always be a meaning behind the mark.

Role of Religion in Centralization of Nation States Essay Example for Free

Role of Religion in Centralization of Nation States EssayReligion was a major factor in the centralization of territories into forward-looking population states. Religion was crucial in the development of the modern estate state beca habit of its ability to be a unifying quality. Religion also created common enemies which allowed groups with several(predicate) religious views separate into individual states that be far to a greater extent likely to have a more centralized government or monarch. While godliness acted as a catalyst in the development of the modern nation state, religion hindered and tore apart developing nation states. Religion played two the role of an asset and a liability in the case of centralization during the age of the reformation.Religion was successful in creating a common quality, by which wad categorized themselves. For example, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile reformed Spain by requiring all citizens to be Catholic. This would allo w them to have better control and a shared attribute with the citizens of Spain, which would allow for a more centralized territory that would become a nation state. Also during this time period the Calvinists in the Holy romish Empire area controlled by Philip II were being persecuted for their religion. The common religion in these Dutch provinces allowed for them to form together and create a centralized territory which eventually would become the Dutch Netherlands. German principalities also used their religion as a common characteristic to hold themselves together. When Martin Luther told the German Princes to separate from the Pope and Holy Roman Empire, they unified at a lower place Lutheranism which led to the development of that nation state.While religion was used as a common characteristic, religion was also used to unify groups of people by creating common enemies. For example, William of Orange (William I) centralized the Dutch Provinces, who were primarily Calvinists , against the Holy Roman Empire who was trying to force them to become Catholic. Ferdinand II also tried to use religion to create a common foeman within the Holy Roman Empire, he did this through the Edict of Restitution.The Edict of Restitution made Calvinists the opponent and unified the Catholics against them and temporarily solidified the Holy Roman Empire as a nation state. Another example of religion creating a common enemy was when Henry VIII created Anglicanism which was against the Pope. Thisnegative disposition towards the Pope strengthened England and allowed the monarch of England to create a more centralized territory, which led to the development of the modern nation state that is England.While religion was good as bringing nation states together and solidifying them, it also slowed and destroyed developing nation states. For example, the religious mixed bag that occurred within the Holy Roman Empire led to differences in religion and sect breaking apart until ther e was no more Holy Roman Empire. Henry of Navarre (Henry IV) saw this problem when he became the King of France and witnessed the religious wars in France between the French Huguenots and Ultra-Catholics.This slowed the development of France as a nation state, this is because religion was determined ahead of the state. Another example of religion dividing developing nation states was when Philip II attempted to oppress the Calvinists in the Dutch provinces with the Spanish Inquisition. This difference in religion led to the Dutch Revolt and caused the territory to be separated.Religion was critical in the development and disestablishment of the modern nation state. Religion provided a common characteristic from which a nation state could develop it also created a characteristic by which a nation state could divide. However, in a majority of the cases the breakup was necessary and led to the creation of multiple independent nation states. Religion was both a centripetal and centrifu gal force. Religion created created a common characteristic and enemy, which aided the development of the modern nation state, as well as a difference that was a major factor in the disestablishment of developing modern nation states during the age of the reformation.

Police Officers Discretion Essay Example for Free

Police Officers Discretion EssayDiscretion is defined to be an individuals capabilities and freedom to make responsible preferences and judgments. People working in all handle require making decisions in e really day life however, some need to be more proficient at it. Police officers usually fine themselves in chaotic and critical situations, where their decision back end change the entire scenario. The most appropriate decision within the lawful boundaries must be made, varying from situation to situation.Discretion is broadly characterized as quintette different subjects courtesy by judgment (sense of bending rules in legally appropriate ways to fit the situation), discretion as choice (to show resolution and give personal contribution to form decisions as the authority in that situation), discretion by discernment (to be diplomatic, tolerant, considerate and cautious and not very generous while making decisions), discretion as liberty (to not be restricted by the law and stretch boundaries of freedom as prospicient as it is acceptable) and lastly discretion as license (basically the licence to act there and then in whichever way thought to be appropriate without the permission of the superiors). There are some police officers who abuse their right of discretion they believe that they are unaccountable and since they are the authority at the point of chaos, they lot do as they will. Having the right of discretion does not mean that an officer can make whatever decisions that they will they are restricted by professional, society, legal and ethical norms (Sullivan, 1972). The officers these days have just the right capacity of discretion. The whole major areas that they use discretion in are domestic violence, drunk driving, mental illness, hate crime, use of force and even vice crime.These are the areas where the personal opinion and judgment of the police officers matters while arresting or giving punishments. In the rest of the important and critical areas such as rape, murder, dacoits and robberies they have to abide by the law whether they personally approve of it or not. Only wanton and fields of everyday crime are left up to the intellect of these officers. Since, there are only some areas where officers are given the right to exercise discretion, it is easy to conclude that the officers are neither given too much or too less of fountain. Giving them the right to decide is rational because they have been selected as officers and have been given good enough training, which gives them the sense of making correct decisions.These officers make up the entire police force, thus, their opinion should also matter however, to only some extent. The problems that these police officers face while enforcing laws and giving verdicts is that there are hardly any fields involved in the police forces that are unchallengeable usually, everybody has a different stance on things. Also, there is a problem is public confidence the public is too unpredictable to please (Walker, 1993). They desire accountability but nothing seems to satisfy them also, they wish for strict enforcement in only those areas that they are not related to, that is, they want leverage for themselves but not others.This moot and unpredictable attitude makes it difficult for the police offers to come up with the right solution that will make everybody happy. I have witnessed one such gist myself where differing opinions lead to confusion. A mentally disabled boy of around seventeen became a source of disturbance to other boys playing cricket. One of them was violent and pass the mentally disabled boy out of frustration, who hit the boy back causing him to bleed. Surprisingly, a police car was passing from there at that instantaneous and stopped to check the situation. Everybody demanded that the mentally disabled boy should be punished for his act as he often becomes a cause of nuisance in the neighborhood.The police officer was by nature sympathetic and was of the opinion that the mentally ill boy should be let go of as he is underprivileged and does not possess the ability of making sensible decisions. Here, in this chaotic situation, even when the public was against the officers decision, he used his power of discretion and made an appropriate decision according to his judgment instantly. This shows that the right of discretion is extremely important for an officer to deal with everyday situations. Although, if you look closely, it was not a situation where major or critical decisions need to be made thus, the police officer without any doubts and fear abided by his opinion this shows limitation of power of discretion to only some areas.