Case Study of Probation and Risk Management

Case Study of Probation and chance Management doorwayThe report is macrocosm completed to ensure the pa subprogramer in dubiety allow trend no detriment to himself or the community. Mr Jones will be released in 6 months after serving the minimum term required. shortly awaiting financial aid from staff heterogeneous with the Through the Gate (TTG) syllabus (Ministry of Justice, 2014) to help with the transition, this will be his first point of cont acquit once released.As the law-breaking carried out by Mr Jones incorporated a ruffianly act the HCR-20 will be subprogramd. This tool is appropriate for the offence committed by Mr Jones as the HCR-20 is designed specific each(prenominal)y for risky offending and is a psychological decision-making tool, used throughout forensic manipulatetings (Douglas, Hart, Webster, Belfrage, Guy, Vilson, 2014). He was sentenced for causing Grievous embodied disability (GBH) to his neighbour and has prior motive for the use of GBH whe n he attacked his girlfriend, he received a community order for said offence.HCR-20 v3H1 front end=Yes, relevancy= lastMr. Jones first expressed fury towards a family pet at the age of 13. thither is a link between pincerhood wolf cruelty and offending (Holoyda hotman, 2016 Plant, Van Schaik, Gullone and Flynn, 2016). He often threw items around the house when angry and he was often suspended from school due to fighting.H2 figurehead=Yes, relevancy=HighAs a young child, he was involved in unsociable insidengss that affected some(prenominal) his information and his home life, at 9 sociable classs old he was often out to all hours. asocial behaviours occur if the prosocial skills argon non met and those who suffer with childhood antisocial behaviour be more in all likelihood as an adult to offend (Robins, 1978 Patterson, Debaryshe, Ramsey, 1990).H3 social movement=Yes, Relevance=HighAlthough non-intimate relationships were bad, intimate relationships were a serious chore for Mr Jones, he had a difficult relationship with his father who abused him. childhood maltreatment is associated with anti-social character pain and abused children are more at chance of violent offending (Dargis, Newman Koegnis, 2015 Wright, Turanovic, ONeil, Morse Booth, 2016).H4 movement=Yes, Relevance= emitIn terms of his occupation, Mr Jones lost an apprenticeship opportunity when he was 16 and in front his sentence he was unable to travelling bag d experience a job. An append in strength post-childhood sees only 14.3% employed full-time (Cauffman, Fine, Thoman Monahan, 2017) and mantledional injury to a partner was withal associated with intermittent employment (Kyriacou, Anglin, Tallaferro, Stone, Tubb, Linden1999).H5 Presence=Yes, Relevance= strengthMr Jones suffered with alcoholism and dose problems, mainly cannabis and amphetamines. Those who experience trauma are more likely to use marijuana which is connect to the levels of violence used (Burja ski, McDaniel, Lewis, Leen-Feldner Feldner, 2016).H6 Presence=Possibly, Relevance=MediumThere is a possibility that Mr Jones suffers from a predilection disarray due to his sudden outbursts and vary in mood, he explained how he could look happy one fleck and angry the next.H7 Presence-Omit, Relevance=OmitIn regards to personality disturb Mr Jones is universe referred for an perspicacity for anti-social personality discommode. Mr Jones experienced severe impulsivity in terms of his emotions which rent to peevishness which is mainly associated with personality disorders (Howard, 2016).H8 Presence=Yes, Relevance=MediumAs a child, Mr Jones mentioned how his father assaulted both his mother, siblings and himself. When discussing this, he appeared very agitated and stray from the situation. As a child, having witnessed parental violence was linked with adult violence and drug or alcohol abuse, as well as the likeliness of using assaultive methods (Straus, 1991).H9 Presence =Yes, Relevance=HighMr Jones attitude towards his own personal violence does not leave much to be desired. He constantly blames others for his own violent outbursts and when he ack this instantledges these he condones his behaviour with most form of rationale.H10 Presence=Yes, Relevance= paltryHe attended signification misuse groups notwithstanding unfortunately still felt he would hold on using drugs and held this negative attitude throughout the session. establish on drug and alcohol screening, Mr Jones had n all in his body at the time of the offence.OC-H Presence=Yes, Relevance=MediumHis education could play a portion in his offending and anti-socialness as he never succeeded academically. The negative experience at school could lead to violent behaviours (Smith, Park, Ireland, Elwyn Thornberry, 2012).C1 Presence=Yes, Relevance=HighMr Jones perceptivity is poor regarding his offence, drug abuse as well as the possibility of having a mental complaint. Regarding the assess ment of mental illness Mr Jones voices his opinion relating to the matter. He believes that he does not suffer from a mental condition. Evidence regarding his behaviour states otherwise as for those who use tendernesss and progress to a mental illness (dual diagnosis), violence is more common (Guebert Oliver, 2014).C2 Presence=No, Relevance=MediumHis intent to commit a violent act is low, he has explained how he wants to lift out afresh, with a new job and some solar day with a wife and children. The readying for a job when released should have already been bulgeed to help him exonerate employment (Houses of leafy ve lounge aboutable bend and pensions committee, 2017), once a job has been obtained Mr Jones can start looking to the early(a). The attain of his violent outbursts is due to the fretfulness he feels, he has mentioned he often feels angry, leading to violence.C3 Presence=Possibly, Relevance=MediumBased on what he has described regarding his feelings and emotio ns at that place is a potentiality for a mood disorder of some form. An assessment on mood disorder is required with regards to both major mental and psychotic disorders. Anger cerebrate with unipolar depression and is mostly associated with major depressive episodes (Judd, Schettler, Coryell, Aklskal, Fledorowicz, 2013).C4 Presence=Yes, Relevance=HighBoth mood and behaviour are an subject field for Mr Jones and his mood fluctuates from day to day. Struggles with emotions and temper is associated with offending (Harrison,2012).C5 Presence=Yes, Relevance=LowMr Jones has attended eye misuse groups but his attitude was poor. He seemed to not benefit from these at all with no attitude change to drugs which increases the insecurity of reoffending (Milkman Wanberg, 2012).OC-C Presence=Yes, Relevance=HighMr Jones holds grudges against those who annoy him, his assault on his neighbour is a solid indication of this. Fantasising is clinically linked with those who hold grudges and th ese elaborations can help streng indeed the emotional well- cosmos on that individual (Hollin, 2005).R1 Presence=Yes, Relevance=LowRegarding alcohol and drug focus groups Mr Jones has no problem with aid these but he does not key out them useful, he still has the same belief. Regarding the offence neither of these sub positions are related.R2 Presence=Possibly, Relevance=LowBased on his intimate and non-intimate relations, Mr Jones may find it hard to find adequate accommodation, it is main(prenominal) he is helped when released as 55% of those with accommodation problems reoffend inside one course of instruction (May, Sharma Stewart, 2008).R3 Presence=Possibly, Relevance=HighHis family relationships, friendships and intimate relationships all appear to be unstable. Theres constant rows between Mr Jones and members of his family or friends affecting his mental health and anger.R4 Presence=Yes, Relevance=LowMr Jones will experience problems with receiving help in the future, attending is superb but his learning and listening is appalling.R5 Presence=Possibly, Relevance=MediumIts established that Mr Jones certainly struggles with move more so than stress. His coping dodging is his anger and he uses this to deal with an event (Daffern, Jones Shine, 2010).Formulation of power RiskThe 3 Ps model will be used to gain a better understanding of the factors associated with his offence. The 3 Ps stand for problematic, inflexible and pervasive. This report shall focus on the main issues that Mr Jones experiences and relate it to the model (NOMS, NHS, 2015). convoluted These factors are classified as abnormal and cause difficulties both for Mr Jones and family or friends. To begin with the main factor that fits this title is his mental health and substance abuse. Mr Jones has not yet been assessed for both a mental health disorder or personality disorder. However, the use of cannabis is linked with an increased risk of a depressive disorder (Lev-Ran, Roar ecke, Le Fol George, 2013) . With relation to the assessment of personality disorder, anger is a common theme with people who experience antisocial personality disorder (Genovese, Dalrymple, Chelminski Zimmerman, 2017 Howard, 2016) hence the privation for the assessments.PersistentThese are factors that were present in their adolescent years and have moved forwards with them into their adult life. For Mr Jones, in that location was previous use of violence in his teenage years which has now progressed into his adulthood. The risk of violence could be linked to the experience he had as a child at the hands of his father ultimately impacting on the relationships he had with others. His first offence involved him attacking his girlfriend, he was rig guilty of causing harm and the role of unemployment could explain the attack (Kyriacou et al, 1999). The behavioural perspective of offending suggests that a violent behaviour is learnt through witnessing it and then imitating the be haviour (Nietzel, Hasemann Lynam, 1999). This affected his relationships as violence would be viewed as acceptable. Widom (1989) observed that those who were physically abused used violence the most in adulthood. It is passing possible that due to the trauma experienced, not only did he learn to act this way but it was the only way he could bonk (Day, Davey, Wanaganeen, Howells, De Santolo Nakata, 2008).PervasiveThe final of the 3 Ps looks at impairment within social and personal areas of their lives. The education that Mr Jones received was inadequate and could explain why he struggles in social situations. Mr Jones education was considerably lacking in the help he required, he was often violent and suspended from school. The teachers showed niggling to no interest in him and when they did it was only to tell him off. According to aroid and Beattie (1999) lack of education is an indicator for illegal behaviours and lack of respect to authority. His education is an explanatio n for why he was antisocial (Walsh, 2007) and explains why he failed to hold worst a job.It appears found on the evidence obtained that the main cause of Mr Jones violent behaviour is the abuse he suffered as a child. It also points to severe mental health problems which in turn could have actual long after the abuse had diminished. In regards to psychological possible action, attachment theory plays a major role. Mr Jones has the inability to establish attachments with people more so as his abuser was his parent. When an attachment is effected the individual involved becomes detached. There is a strong link between in desexualize attachments and mental health issues (Macinnes, Macphearson, Austin Schwannauer, 2016). Mr Jones social and emotional development as a child was damaged by the trauma due to its nature. The damage inflicted on his emotional development impacted on his ability to feel remorseful and regarding his social development, do it difficult for him to establis h secure relationships (Folger, Putnam, Putnam, Peugh, EIsmann, Sa2016).Mr Jones risk would be considered moderate, although he struggles with feeling remorse he has make it abundantly clear that he wants help to change and to make himself a better person. He has openly admitted or so his anger issues, his fluctuation in mood and how this effects his life. Mr Jones wants to be able to live a normal life with a secure job and intimate relationships. Self-determination theory relates to this situation as Mr Jones is sure that if he gets the help needed the support gained is being able to have a job and a family. The outcome would be several(predicate) if he believed that the reward obtained was not relating to the activity (treatment) he needed to partake in. If the reward gained correlates directly with the activity then this positively affects his motivation for change (Deci, 2012). next ViolenceAs Mr Jones, has been convicted of completing two acts of Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) it is likely the next offence would be severe and it would be about 6-12 months before he committed a violent attack based on his previous memorial. The victims would be people he knows (family, friends, partners), thither seems to be no evidence of randomized acts against people un cognize to him so the habitual would be of no concern. The motivation for future attacks would be parasitical on his emotional state at the time of the incident. It may happen purely out of anger or it could be because an act is ongoing, such as the previous incident with his neighbour.The severity of the incident would be again dependent on his emotional state and whether he is intoxicated with alcohol, drugs or both. It could cause lasting psychological and physical damage to the victim especially if they were not expecting it, if Mr Jones was provoked then the attack could be foreseen by the individual(s). Although Mr Jones certainly has anger issues, there appears to be no clear relation to a f lagitious incident. If this was the case, Mr Jones would have already acted upon his frustration and aggression.In respect to his violent outbursts there are certain things that can be looked for. If Mr Jones appears tense, frustrated/angry or provoked then these would be the typical indications of a violent attack. In the case of Mr Jones, violence is likely to occur no more than once a year, which could be altered with the correct treatment. However, it is not time contain due to his emotional instability, as his moods are constantly up and down it would be difficult to put a time predictor on his violent behaviour.Risk Management PlanMr Jones should be monitored both whilst he is still in prison and once released. Regular appointments should be made with both a probation officeholder and his appointed Psychologist. He should be reassessed if his anger results in a fight or major dispute with either prisoners on his wing or staff. Once released Mr Jones should be monitored via t he use of electronic systems. He could be fitted with a TAG to ensure he acquires a curfew and the conditions of his release or GPS remnanting could be used. Research into the use of electronic monitoring has been completed throughout the world. The most recent study by Lima Machado, De Sousa, De Oliveria Alberquerque, Garcia Villalba Kim (2017) discovered that the results of an algorithm could be applied to supporting risk assessment in relation to monitoring of re-offending. They looked at the wrongdoers social stance to see if any crimes were being committed or planned. With regards to the use of the electronic tag it was found to be cost-effective as it was cheaper than keeping the wrongdoer in prison. The results suggested that those who received the electronic tag were no more likely to offend then those who did not receive it (Marie, Moreton Goncalves, 2011). Weekly check ins with his probation military officer should be arranged to ensure he is still on track regardin g his release order. The events that should be looked for after release relate to arguments with family/friends or known associates (neighbours) and his levels of anger when present at his check ins.Mr Jones level of anger appears to be the main concern regarding the treatment required. There are several offender behaviour create mentallys (OBP) that might be useful. To begin with he should attend the tranquilize programme. This looks at his anger problems, teaching him to manage it and control it so it does not become a problem for him in the future (HMPS, 2017). It is mainly suitable for those where anger played a role in their offence (Canter, 2013) and involves attending 24 sessions lasting two hours and often having to attend two sessions a week. To ensure Mr Jones is making progress regular reports will be made throughout the programme and involves asking questions at the start and end of the programme to see if there have been any alterations (*What is Calm?*, 2010).Once th e serene programme has been completed, it is important that his violent behaviour is tackled. Although he has expressed that he uses drugs and alcohol they played no role in his offence and so are not a priority currently. The solve programme would work with Mr Jones and uses cognitive-behavioural interventions which aim to reduce the risk of violence, to prevent him from causing serious harm in the future (HMPS, 2017). It involves attending 21 weekly group centred sessions as well as four one-to-one sessions to track progress (RESOLVE what is RESOLVE, 2014). The inwardness of people who needed this form of treatment increased to 1683 in the year 2014/2015 this increase meant for a more structured approach to resources for treating violence (HM Government, 2014).The OSAP programme should also be completed to help him with his drug and alcohol problems. It mainly focuses on changing attitudes towards drug/alcohol abuse to prevent reoffending. In past treatments Mr Jones behaviour towards interventions has been a problem. A study conducted by Collins, Cuddy Martin (2016) discovered that drug treatment programmes in the UK are both cost-effective and well(p) for the drug users in terms of reducing their reoffending rate and their drug intake. Those who are not involved with a substance misuse program are more likely to reoffend (Needham, Gummerum, Mandeville-Norden, Rakestrow-Dickens, Mewse, Barnes, Hanoch, 2015). The program involves 2 sessions each week for 26 sessions overall it will help with social skills, how to avoid those involved in drug/alcohol use and planning for the future (*What is OSAP?, * 2010).Mr Jones should be administer and attend regular meetings with his probation officer as well as meet up with someone from the TTG programme. If he feels an issue is arising, then he should tint his probation officer immediately so the situation can be assessed. His probation officer and the staff involved with the TTG programme should be his first p oints of contact when he feels concerned about his behaviour. There is evidence that suggests that attending probation can positively affect the offenders likelihood of not reoffending (King, 2013).The protection of potential victims is vital, as Mr Jones villainy involved a next-door neighbour he should receive help with decision housing preferably in a quiet neighbourhood where he would experience no problems from his neighbours.Other considerations include the safety of Mr Jones, after being in prison, on the outside there are potential dangers for the ex-offender. These include drug dealers and angered family members or friends. Every week Mr Jones should check-in with both his TTG mentor and probation officer, they should attempt to make Mr Jones open up emotionally.The help set up for Mr Jones decreases the likelihood of harm. He needs to focus primarily on his anger management, substance misuse as well as his use of violence. Based on the evidence put forward the chance of f uture violence is quite low if he attends the treatment programmes and meetings with his probation officer. If he gelt attending, this should be viewed as a sign of re-offending. The next review date should be 9 months after release to ensure progress is being made.Word count 3209 excluding references and appendices. ReferencesArum, R., Beattie, I. R. (1999). High School Experience and The Risk of self-aggrandizing Incarceration. Criminology, 37(3).Bujarski, S. J., McDaniel, C. E., Lewis, S. F., Leen-Feldner, E. W., Feldner, M. T. (2016). Past-month marijuana use is associated with self-reported violence among trauma-exposed adolescents. Journal of Child Adolescent summation Abuse, 26(2), 111-118. inside10.1080/1067828x.2016.1222980Canter, D. (2013). Criminal psychology Topics in applied psychology. (2nd Ed.). Routledge.Cauffman, E., Fine, A., Thomas, A. G., Monahan, K. C. (2017). Trajectories of violent behavior among females and males. Child Development, 88(1), 41-54. insid e10.1111/cdev.12678Clamp, K. (2016). Restorative justice in transitional settings. (1st Ed.). Routledge.Collins, B. J., Cuddy, K., Martin, A. P. (2016). Assessing the forcefulness and cost-effectiveness of drug intervention programs UK case study. Journal of Addictive Diseases. inside10.1080/10550887.2016.1182299Daffern, M., Jones, L., Shine, J. (2010). umbrage paralleling behaviour A case formulation approach to offender assessment and intervention. (1st Ed.). John Wiley Sons.Dargis, M., Newman, J., Koenigs, M. (2015). Clarifying the link between childhood abuse history and psychopathic traits in adult criminal offenders. Personality Disorders Theory, Research, and intercession. doi10.1037/per0000147Day, A., Davey, L., Wanganeen, R., Howells, K., De Santolo, J., Nakata, M. (2008). The moment of Context Stories from South Australia. In A. Day, M. Nakata, K. Howells, Anger and indigenous men sense and responding to violent behaviour. The Federation Press.Deci, E. L. (2011) . Cognitive Evaluation Theory Effects of adventitious Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation. In E. Aronson, Intrinsic motivation. Springer US.Douglas, K. S., Hart, S. D., Webster, C. D., Belfrage, H., Guy, L. S., Wilson, C. M. (2014). Historical-clinical-risk management-20, version 3 (HCR-20 V3 ) Development and overview. supranational Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(2), 93-108. doi10.1080/14999013.2014.906519Folger, A. T., Putnam, K. T., Putnam, F. W., Peugh, J. L., Eismann, E. A., Sa, T., Ammerman, R. T. (2017). parental social trauma and child social-emotional development An intergenerational effect. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. doi10.1111/ppe.12341Genovese, T., Dalrymple, K., Chelminski, I., Zimmerman, M. (2017). Subjective anger and overt aggression in psychiatric outpatients. oecumenical Psychiatry, 73, 23-30. doi10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.10.008Guebert, A. F., Oliver, M. E. (2014). An examination of Criminogenic needs, mental health concerns, and Recidivism i n a essay of violent young offenders Implications for risk, need, and Responsivity. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 13(4), 295-310. doi10.1080/14999013.2014.955220Harrison, K. (2012). Dangerousness, risk and the governance of serious sexual and violent offenders. Routledge.House of commons work and pensions committee. (2017). Support for ex-offenders fifth report of session 2016-17.HM Government. (2014). sure programmes annual bulletin 2014 15.HMPS. (2017). Offender behaviour programmes (OBPs).Hollin, C. R. (2005). The essential handbook of offender assessment and treatment. John Wiley Sons.Holoyda, B. J., Newman, W. J. (2016). puerility animal cruelty, bestiality, and the link to adult interpersonal violence. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 47, 129-135. doi10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.02.017Howard, R. C. (2016). The Link between first Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Adult Antisocial Behaviour A Hypothesis Revisited. SOJ Psychology, 3(1), 1-6.Judd, L. L., Sche ttler, P. J., Coryell, W., Akiskal, H. S., Fiedorowicz, J. G. (2013). Overt irritability/anger in Unipolar major Depressive episodes. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(11), 1171. doi10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1957King, S. (2013). Assisted desistance and experiences of probation supervision. Probation Journal, 60(2), 136-151. doi10.1177/0264550513478320Kyriacou, D. N., Anglin, D., Taliaferro, E., Stone, S., Tubb, T., Linden, J. A., Kraus, J. F. (1999). Risk factors for injury to women from domestic violence. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(25), 1892-1898. doi10.1056/nejm199912163412505Lev-Ran, S., Roerecke, M., Le Foll, B., George, T. P., McKenzie, K., Rehm, J. (2013). The association between cannabis use and depression A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Medicine, 44(04), 797-810. doi10.1017/s0033291713001438Lima Machado, P., de Sousa, R., de Oliveira Albuquerque, R., Garca Villalba, L., Kim, T.-H. (2017). Detection of electronic Anklet Wearers groupings throughout Telematics monitoring. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(1), 31. doi10.3390/ijgi6010031Macinnes, M., Macpherson, G., Austin, J., Schwannauer, M. (2016). Examining the effect of childhood trauma on psychological distress, risk of violence and engagement, in forensic mental health. Psychiatry Research, 246, 314-320. doi10.1016/j.psychres.2016.09.054Marie, O., Moreton, K., Goncalves, M. (2011). The effect of early release of prisoners on home detention curfew (HDC) on recidivism.May, C., Sharma, N., Stewart, D. (2008). Factors linked to reoffending a one-year follow-up of prisoners who took part in the move Surveys 2001, 2003 and 2004.Milkman, H. B., Wanberg, K. W. (2012). Criminal conduct and substance abuse treatment for adolescents Pathways to self-discovery and change the providers guide. SAGE.Ministry of Justice. (2014). Offenders get through-the-gate support for drug and alcohol problems.Needham, M., Gummerum, M., Mandeville-Norden, R., R akestrow-Dickens, J., Mewse, A., Barnes, A., Hanoch, Y. (2015). Association between Three different cognitive behavioral alcohol treatment programs and Recidivism rates among male offenders Findings from the linked Kingdom. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, 39(6), 1100-1107. doi10.1111/acer.12738Nietzel, M. T., Hasemann, D. M., Lynam, D. R. (1999). Behavioral perspectives on violent behavior. Handbook of Psychological Approaches with Violent Offenders. doi10.1007/978-1-4615-4845-4_3NOMS, NHS (2015). Working with offenders with personality disorder A practitioners guide (2nd ed.)Patterson, G. R., Debaryshe, B., Ramsey, E. (1990). A Developmental Perspective on Antisocial Behaviour. American Psychologist, 44, 329-335.Plant, M., van Schaik, P., Gullone, E., Flynn, C. (2016). Its a dogs Life. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi10.1177/0886260516659655Ministry of Justice. (2014). RESOLVE what is RESOLVE? Retrieved from http//hlnycrc.co.uk/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/ 07/RESOLVE.pdfRobins, L. N. (1978). Sturdy childhood predictors of adult antisocial behaviour Replications from longitudinal studies1. Psychological Medicine, 8(04), 611. doi10.1017/s0033291700018821Smith, C. A., Park, A., Ireland, T. O., Elwyn, L., Thornberry, T. P. (2012). Long-term outcomes of young adults exposed to maltreatment The role of educational experiences in promoting resilience to crime and violence in early adulthood. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(1), 121-156. doi10.1177/0886260512448845Straus, M. A. (1991). Children as witness to marital violence a risk factor for life long problems among a nationally representative sample of American men and women. Retrieved from http//files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED336713.pdfWalsh, A. (2007). Psychosocial Theories Individual Traits and Criminal Behaviour. In L. Ellis. Criminology An Interdisciplinary Approach. California SAGE.Ministry of Justice. (2010). What is CALM? Retrieved from https//www.swmcrc.co.uk/wp-content/upload s/2010/06/controlling_anger_and_learning_to_manage_it__calm__leaflet_-_june_2010.pdfMinistry of Justice. (2010). What is OSAP? Retrieved from http//www.swmcrc.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/offender_substance_abuse_programme__osap__leaflet_-_june_2010.pdfWidom, C. S. (1989). The Cycle of Violence. Science, 244(4901),Wright, K. A., Turanovic, J. J., ONeal, E. N., Morse, S. J., Booth, E. T. (2016). The cycle of violence revisited Childhood Victimization, resilience, and future violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. doi10.1177/0886260516651090.Appendix AQuestionsH1- Violence Do you have any form of control over your violent outbursts?H2- Anti-social behaviour How does taking drugs make you feel? Is there a drive for taking the drugs?H3- Relationships You say you want a family, how do you plan on reaching this goal?H4- Employment- Previously you have had problems with employment, would you accept help to find a job and remain in it?H5- Links to H2H6- Mental disorder anger seem s to be a real problem do you feel that your state of mood controls you?H7- Personality disorder Could you come to terms with being diagnosed with a PD and how would you cope?H8- Trauma The experience you had with your father moldiness impact on your life, do you destine this is the case and how do you think you would overcome this?H9- Violent attitudes The attitude you had towards violence is that you condone the use of it, would there be a time when you would not be violent?H10- Treatment There seems to be a problem with treatment even though you attend, why might that be?OC-H- Education Could your education explain why you behave as you do and why you use drugs, if not what do you think the cause is?C1- Insight How do you think others would view you in terms of your risk?C2- Ideation is violence thought about or do you lose control? Would you intentionally harm someone?C4- Instability Does your mood cause a serious problem?C5- Treatment Although you attend your reactivity is la cking is this because you are not in control?OC-C- Grudges Is holding grudges an issue? Is this why you lash out?R2 3- Living/support When released from prison will your living situation be sorted or do you need help? How is your personal support in terms of family and friends?R5- Coping At times everyone feels stress, however, coping seems to be a struggle, is violence your idea of coping?